Why did economic specialization become
common in civilizations?

Job specialization allowed for people to develop and contribute important skills to help maintain their civilization. An individual could not develop all the skills needed to maintain specific items and tasks. Most people in early civilizations were farmers.

herodotus taught this. herodotus was an ancient greek historian who was born in halicarnassus in the persian empire. he is known for having written the book the histories, a detailed record of his "inquiry" on the origins of the greco-persian wars.