1. Most African nations gained independence after World War II. In some cases, independence was achieved through peaceful means. In other cases, independence was achieved by violent means, and violence continued in the years after independence. What colonial policies or practices played a part in peaceful or violent transitions to self-rule?

the court ruled that a state law that banned abortions (except to save the life of the mother) was unconstitutional

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john smith was the first englishman to sail around the world. francis bacon served as attorney general and lord chancellor of england. he took up aristotelian ideas, arguing for an empirical, inductive approach, known as the scientific method, which is the foundation of modern scientific inquiry.