Native american slavery existed in new mexico because a. some people believed the term 'slave' applied only to african americans. b. it had its roots in pre-spanish times. c. many people believed it was beneficial to new mexican society. d. all of the above.

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in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.