The waldensians and and albigensians
a. were declared heretics and persecuted by the catholic church
b. in the creation of the inquisition
c. supported the pope during the investiture struggle in the holy roman empire
d. supplied knights for the crusades against the muslims in palestine

By the end of the 1800s, there was a change in the nature of the immigrants coming to the united states. immigration from northern europe—england, ireland, germany, and scandinavia—declined, while immigration from italy, russia, and austria-hungary grew. in fact, between 1900 and 1910, more than three-fourths of all immigrants came from these three countries. unfortunately, these countries were far removed england, the home of our founders, and the immigrants who came from them had a hard time adjusting to life in their new country.