How was the middle class different after the industrial revolution than it was before ?

The middle class was different after the industrial revolution than it was before because prior to the Industrial Revolution, Europe had a small middle class. Following the Industrial Revolution, the middle class greatly grew.

After the industrial revolution, the lower classes were been able to "rise up" economically by getting new jobs in factories, thus much of the lower class entered the middle class.

b. africa to the americas

explanation:

representative government