Which of these factors cause early societies to shift from hunting and gathering to farming and herding a. the creation of the first powerful navies b. the exctin of many animals specias c. the development of stone tools and weapons d. the invention of the first steel tools

The answer is D.  invention of the first steel tools
Actually, this very topic is still a hot debate among scientists because the shift happens on different reasons in each region of the world. 
But one thing they have in common is that Steel tools give the member of early societies the capabilities to rake uplands and cutting up crops that really useful in farming and herding.