In early united states history, "midnight judge" refers specifically to

judges appointed to serve based on their political affiliation.

Explanation:

The Judiciary Act of 1801 was signed by John Adams in the last days of his presidency (1797–1801) and was meant to reorganize the federal judiciary by establishing the first circuit judgeships in America.

Thomas Jefferson, the following president, saw the Judiciary Act as an effort by Adams to hold control of the judiciary by crowding it with federalist supporters, so the act was repealed in 1802.

he ottoman empire established islam as its guiding religion, government, and laws

well that depends on how deep the hole is. you'd first go through te crust of the earth, then the upper mantle, then the lower mantle then the outer core, then the inner cor then you'd be stuck in the core to melt.