Cartels, monopolies, trusts, as well as horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
a. raising wages
b. driving up costs
c. increasing profits
d. combining resources

c.increasing profits.

Cartels, monopolies, trusts, as well as horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of increasing profits, which is the main goal of almost any business strategy. However, they are slightly different in their approaches. Monopolies and horizontal and vertical integration try to decrease competition in order to increase the portion of the market that a producer has access to. Cartels operate in a similar way. However, they require cooperation with other producers, as opposed to individual action.

for starters, there is the structural trend of rising primary government expenditure as a share of gdp, which reached 36% in 2014, up from 22% in 1991. this increase reflected a political desire to address the poverty and inequality that had gone unaddressed during previous decades. to support the increase, brazil’s government increased taxes on consumption and promoted progress toward labor-market formalization. nonetheless, public investment, particularly in infrastructure, took a hit. in fact, with the exception of the 2005-2008 period, total investment as a share of gdp has remained below 20% since 1991.

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