Which statement best explains the ideas of baron de montesquieu

The correct answer is the third one: The powers of government should be separated into different offices.

The modern concept of separation of powers was strongly developed by Montesquieu. In his treatise on political theory "The Spirit of the Law," Montesquieu posits that, in order to protect the individual citizen from power abuse, the power of the state should be divided into three different offices: Legislature, Judiciary, and Executive. The Legislature would create the laws, Judiciary would enforce their application, and the Executive power would manage the government and the administration of the state. Before the French Revolution, in France these three powers were concentrated in the hands of an absolute monarch, thus this system permitted power abuse by the state against individual citizens, which Montesquieu wanted to avoid in a Republican Democracy system.

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