Marked the transition from the end of the middle ages to the rise of nation-states. a. the treaty of tordesillas b. the treaty of paris c. the peace of westphalia d. the treaty of versaillesthe answer is c. westphalia

The Peace of Westphalia

Explanation:

Westphalia meant a change in the whole geopolitical dynamic of that era:

The belligerent parties agreed to peace terms and recognized the sovereignty of any member to be a fully recognized state.

The major notions of nation state were traced at this moment since the end of the 30 years war between Spain and the Netherlands (1618-1648) created a healthy balance of power.

They signed on the principle of non interference , and conditions were settled for a wave of lasting peace. The example was clear:

Spain recognized the formation of the Dutch republic as an independent agent.

The peace from 1648 lasted until the late 1800s and the period came as a result of the so-called Westphalian system, an era where Middle Ages finally ended and nation states were active in geopolitical matters.

answer: the ocean

explanation: if you map out 30 n and 40 n latitude, you will get the ocean