Which of these developments did not occur before the rise of chiefdoms in neolithic societies?

Assuming that this is referring to the same list of options that was posted before with this question, the correct response would be "ocean navigation", since these societies usually stayed where they were due to the fact that they had a surplus of food. 

They had strained relationships with colonists but good relationships with american indians

The first one is russia because in russia they were on the rough times and they never had a way to get out of