By what means other than formal amendment has constitutional change occurred

How did the declaration of sentiments women’s movement

Enlightenment thinkers most contributed to the development of whichpolitical idea? a. religious leaders should play the largest role in establishing asociety's laws.b. democratic governments have the responsibility to protect humanrights.c. criminals must be punished harshly if a society is to maintainorder.d. written constitutions place unnecessary restrictions ongovernments' powers.

Does anyone know why the second great awakening occurred? (i need an answer asap because this is a question on my assignment! < 3 : ))