What occurred during the golden age of islam?
a shift in government towards extreme rule.
a shift towards cultural decline.
an increase in religious conflicts.
an increased focus on arts, science, and literature.

The correct answer is: "An increased focus on arts, science, and literature."

The Golden Age of Islam, also known as Islamic Renaissance is commonly dated from the eighth century to the thirteenth century, although some extend it until the fourteenth or fifteenth century. During this period, engineers, academics and merchants of the Islamic world contributed greatly in aspects such as arts, agriculture, economy, industry, literature, navigation, philosophy, science and technology, preserving and improving the classical legacy on the one hand, and adding new inventions and own innovations. Muslim philosophers, poets, artists, scientists, merchants and artisans created a unique culture that has influenced societies on all continents.

jewish people, gypsies, and political opponents.