Of the us constitution states that the document is the supreme law of the land.
a: article 1
b: article 2
c: article 3
d: article 4

Article VI

Explanation:

Article VI establishes to the Constitution, the laws adopted and treaties of the United States concluded in accordance with it, as the supreme law throughout the national territory, and that "the judges of all the states will be bound by it, regardless of of anything that the laws or the constitutions of the states establish to the contrary ". It also validates the national debt created under the articles of the confederation and requires that all legislators, federal officials, and judges swear or affirm "support" the Constitution. This means that the constitutions and laws of the states should not be in conflict with the laws of the federal Constitution; In case of conflict, state judges are legally bound to abide by federal laws and the Constitution above those of any state.

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.

it is a : ) always outside of government control