Which program was intended to overcome the backwardness of china's economy, technology, and industry?

Which is the correct order for events that eventually led to the collapse of the chinese imperial government

What does the quote describe? “the closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us….the shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable.”

How did the environments in north america affect the development of america indian cultures in the period just before europeans arrived