Referring to the 1810 bill no. 2 how did the willingness of president madison to gamble and the craftiness of french emperor move the u. s. closer to a second conflict with britain?

Judiciary Act of 1801 - Passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. Adams signed in "midnight judges", one of them being John Marshall.

Madison's Gamble. Napoleon saw his chance with Macon's Bill No 2 -- Madison "gambled" that the threat of seeing the US trade exclusively with France would lead British to repeal their restrictions. He accepted the French offer as evidence of repeal.  His gamble failed and he saw no choice but to re-establish the embargo against Britain alone -- meant the end of neutrality. 

federal appellate courts are called courts of appeals. cases can be further appealed to the u.s. supreme court. cases are heard for the first time in a trial court. if either party disagrees with the decision in the trial court, they can appeal, asking a higher court to review the decision.

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b. major john c. frémont led a rebellion called the bear flag revolt.

explanation:

during the bear flag revolt, from june to july 1846, a small group of american settlers in california rebelled against the mexican government and proclaimed california an independent republic. the republic was short-lived because soon after the bear flag was raised, the u.s. military began occupying california, which went on to join the union in 1850. the bear flag became the official state flag in 1911.