Why did the europeans challenge the catholic church?

The Europeans challenged the catholic church because Martin Luth, in the 1500's was against the idea that salvation could be sold. He was also against the idea that the papacy, or church leaders, should be allowed to collect wealth from the people. He drafted up 95 Theses which were nailed to church buildings, as a statement of posturing to show the church his disapproval.

Because the discoveries were some of the oldest human remains.