Reading passages: read the following passages and answer the question that follows. be sure to always cite 2 pieces of evidence from the reading to support your answer. (4 points each)

11. reading passage:
hitherto, all european nations, including your own country’s barbarian merchants, have carried on their trade with our celestial empire at canton. such has been the procedure for many years, although our celestial empire possesses all things in prolific abundance and lacks no product within its borders. there was therefore no need to import the manufactures of outside barbarians in exchange for our own produce. but as the tea, silk, and porcelain which the celestial empire produces are absolute necessities to european nations and to yourselves, we have permitted, as a signal mark of favour, that foreign hongs should be established at canton, so that your wants might be supplied and your country thus participate in our beneficence.
(hongs: trading companies licensed by the chinese government)
-letter from qianlong to king george iii

11. explain the attitude of the chinese emperor toward the british crown seeking to trade with china? in your answer, specifically cite 2 ideas from the reading to support your explanation. (4 points)


12. reading passage:
when motecuhzoma [montezuma] had given necklaces to each one, cortés asked him: "are you motecuhzoma? are you the king? is it true that you are the king motecuhzoma? "
and the king said: "yes, i am motecuhzoma." then he stood up to welcome cortés; he came forward, bowed his head low and addressed him in these words: "our lord, you are weary. the journey has tired you, but now you have arrived on the earth. you have come to your city, mexico. you have come here to sit on your throne, to sit under its canopy. the kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. ……..
when motecuhzoma had finished, la malinche [a mayan woman]translated his address into spanish so that the captain could understand it. cortés replied in his strange and savage tongue, speaking first to la malinche: "tell motecuhzoma that we are his friends. there is nothing to fear. we have wanted to see him for a long time, and now we have seen his face and heard his words. tell him that we love him well and that our hearts are contented."
miguel leon-¬portilla, a mexican anthropologist, who gathered accounts by the aztecs, some of which were written shortly after the conquest.

12. montezuma believed that cortes was the legendary god quetzalcoatl who had left mexico and promised to return in 1519. how would you characterize the first meeting of montezuma and cortes? cite 2 pieces of evidence from the reading to explain your answer. does this reading support the ultimate result of spanish and aztec contact? explain. (4points)