Following the civil war, the political group which took the view of reconstruction that harsh penalties needed to be doled out to former confederates while giving full rights to freedmen was called
democrats
radical republicans
scalawags
moderate republicans

explanation:

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the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.