The period from 1480 to 1620 marked the first great phase of what?

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.

question:  

the chart compares religious beliefs to us political party support.

religious beliefs and party support, 2012

this chart demonstrates that

a) more highly religious people supported the republican candidate, while more nonreligious people supported the democratic candidate.

b) more highly religious people supported the democratic candidate, while more nonreligious people supported the republican candidate.

c) more moderately religious people supported the republican candidate, while more nonreligious people supported the democratic candidate.

d) more moderately religious people supported the democratic candidate, while more nonreligious people supported the republican candidate.

answer: a.