In order to learn about the experiences of muslims living in non-muslim countries, a historian surveys muslims who have immigrated to france from north africa and the middle east to learn more about how life in europe has influenced them. her survey focuses on which major historical theme?
a. creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems
b. development and interaction of cultures
c. interactions between humans and the environment
d. creation, expansion, and interaction of political systems

The answer is: B. Development and interaction of cultures

Surveys that focus on this theme would focus the attention on how both the advancement in technology, economy, and infrastructure that happen to a certain culture throughout the years. Not only that, this theme also study the relationships that the people from that culture have with other cultures around it. (can be identified from  or military alliances or trading relationships that occurs between them)

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

is this question from a book? ?