At the end of world war i, president wilson offended members of the us senate by traveling to europe. opposing the league of nations. opposing the views of henry cabot lodge. excluding them from the peace process.

President Wilson was one of the forerunners in drafting the resolutions of the Versailles Treaty, framing the clauses that branded Germany as an aggressor, and demanding her to pay reparations for the damages caused to the Allies in war. However, he secured the disapproval of the members of the U.S. Senate, by traveling to Europe, meeting with the leaders of the Allied Powers, and excluding the members of the Senate from the formal peace negotiations. This was unconstitutional and defeated President Wilson’s vision of the USA being a harbinger of democratic ideology in Europe. The members of the Senate were also doubtful of the credibility of the League of Nations, and its efficiency in maintaining world peace.  

Further Explanation-

The Senate rejected the Versailles Treaty by a majority of 55 votes, as President Wilson negotiated the terms of the Treaty without consulting the members of the Senate or include them in the process of formulating the terms of the treaty. The Democrats in the Senate supported his vision of promoting collective security, and the U.S.A. leading the process of recovery and reconstruction at the end of the War. However, the republicans were in a majority within the Senate, and they doubted the effectiveness of President Wilson’s visions of the League of Nations in promoting collective security and stopping further acts of aggression. The Republicans were willing to show their approval to the President’s ambitious plans, only if certain amendments would be made to the clauses. President disapproved of these changes, which were proposed by the republicans led by Senator Henry Lodge. This led to the rejection of the Treaty.

Learn more:

1. The closest the world came to war during the cold war was when the soviet union placed missiles on the Caribbean island.

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2. How did congress approach reconstruction after the civil war?

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Answer Details-

Grade- High School

Chapter- The First World War

Subject- History

Keywords-

War, Treaty of Versailles, amendment, ratification, Indemnity, war reparations, League of

Nations, Republicans, excluding from the peace treaty.

the bar kochba rebellion (132-135) against the roman empire, also known as the second jewish-roman war, was the second major jewish revolt in judea and the last of the great jewish-roman wars.

after the first jewish-roman war of the years 66-73, the roman authorities took measures to crush any new attempt of rebellion in judea. his political situation was modified and instead of a prefect a governor of praetorian rank was appointed, and in the ruins of jerusalem the seat of a complete roman legion, the legio x fretensis was established.

the political and religious direction of the jewish people was left in the hands of the sanhedrin, with initial headquarters in yavne.

the direct causes of the rebellion vary according to the source. the roman historian dio cassius (155-229) attributes the revolt to the decision of hadrian to found in the place of jerusalem a roman city called aelia capitolina (aelia by its own name and capitolina in honor of the roman god jupiter). on the other hand, the jewish sources, while recognizing this resolution as true, assign higher priority to the decrees dictated by hadrian that forbade the brit milah (circumcision), the respect of the sabbath and the laws of purity in the family.

hadrian's intention was to "civilize" and incorporate the jews once and for all into the greco-roman culture. for greek and roman culture, circumcision was an intolerable mutilation.

the jewish tradition tells in the midrash tanjuma a meeting between rabbi akiva and the governor turnus rufus, where he asked for an explanation about the circumcision.

an additional legion, the legio vi ferrata, moved to the province to maintain order, and work began in the year 131 after the governor of judea, turnus rufus performed the founding ceremony of aelia capitolina. a roman coin with the inscription aelia capitolina was struck in the year 132.

the tannaim rabbi akiva, who without being named nasi directed the sanhedrin, convinced the other members to support the imminent rebellion.

the jewish leaders carefully planned the second rebellion to avoid the numerous errors that had been committed in the first one. in the year 132 the rebellion led by bar kochba quickly expanded from modiim throughout the country, defeating the x roman legion based in jerusalem and destroying the xxii roman legion that had come from egypt.

c) they were beaten and fired from their jobs.