After reclaiming much of the iberian peninsula, and led the way in expanding further contact from within the early zones of afro-eurasia.
a. india; china
b. portugal; spain
c. england; france
d. the netherlands; germany

The correct answer is b: Portugal and Spain "reclaimed" the Iberian peninsula from the Muslim, who had control over the Peninsula for many centuries: this act is also known as the re-conquista.

Other options list countries that never had control over the Peninsula.

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