The earliest civilizations were typically led by? presidents, a parliament, kings, a council of elders?

ccp would be the answer : )

explanation:

the pogroms became known as kristallnacht, the "night of shattered glass," for the shattered glass from the store windows that littered the streets. the morning after the pogroms 30,000 german jewish men were arrested for the "crime" of being jewish and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds of them perished.