In 1954, the supreme court handed down a unanimous decision in the case of brown v. board of education of topeka, kansas. the decision stated that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” and began the process of national integration of public schools. in response, southern legislators in congress signed a statement of opposition to the court’s decision. read the declaration of resistance to brown v. board of education, which has been called the southern manifesto. then write a brief essay of one to two pages examining the following question: why did the authors of the southern manifesto claim that chief justice earl warren’s decision was a threat to the us constitutional order? consider what type of arguments they make. can you link their argument to any other situations in us history?

I used points from the answer above, but here's a different form of the answer.

Explanation:

Most can agree that the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas case was one that greatly influenced the way colored people of America were treated, as it struck down segregation in schools across the nation and created a more equal and fair environment for those of color. There were some however who believed that by doing so, the Supreme Court was displaying a clear abuse of judicial power, ultimately leading to the creation of the Constitution of Principles, otherwise informally known as the Southern Manifesto.

Strom Thurmond and Richard Russell Jr., authors of the Constitution of Principles, very strongly opposed the Supreme Court's decision to commence the national integration of public schools. When the news broke to the public that Chief Justice Earl Warren had ruled this verdict, both men decided to take action and construct the Southern Manifesto, where they addressed what they believed to be the unconstitutional nature of the Court’s ruling. They, along with the other 101 congressmen from the Deep South that signed their document, believed that the Court’s choice represented an evident abuse of Judicial power and that the amendment they were referring to when accumulating their conclusion did not involve the systems of education.

Thurmond and Russell Jr. claimed that the decision made to integrate public schools was encroaching upon the rights of each individual state as well as the people involved. They argued that while the Supreme Court decided to change the school system on the condition that separating blacks and whites was  unconstitutional, they too were not abiding by the constitution saying, “The original Constitution does not mention education. Neither does the 14th Amendment nor any other amendment. The debates preceding the submission of the 14th Amendment clearly show that there was no intent that it should affect the system of education maintained by the States,” (Thurmond and Russell Jr. 1956). They also bring up several other court cases such as the Plessy v. Ferguson case and the Roberts v. City of Boston case in order to showcase other ways in which the court used the 14th amendment to aid in their choices, attempting to rule all of their decisions as disorderly and lawless acts. It sparked mass chaos and confusion, causing strain between relationships of whites and blacks.

Said scenarios and arguments can be linked to the American Civil War due to the relation both the war and the Southern Manifesto had with the issue of equality among those of color and whites. Both were mainly arguments between the North and the South as well, with the South not wanting colored peoples to be equal or close to equal with white Americans. They also relate due to the same issues they had with the intervention of the Central government in states’ decisions, which divided the population of the country.

The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was a landmark Supreme Court case where Chief Justice Earl Warren stated that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” and began the process of national integration of public schools. With this came opposers who believed that this was unconstitutional and unlawful, eventually leading to the creation of the Constitution of Principles, a document which addressed such issues and beliefs. Analyzing the nature of the argument and the effect it had on the people involved, it’s safe to assume that the American Civil War can be linked to this specific situation given the several relations. With everything that resulted from this particular case, one can discern that it was genuinely something that had a very influential impact on America and the social treatment of those of color in America. Looking back on such things and relating them to similar issues of current times, it is quite surprising to see that such problems relating to the equality of the nation have yet to be solved.

what are local authorities doing to fix the problem

explanation:

hello! : )

1. intercessory weapons

“god is looking for somebody, a wall builder; somebody who can prevent calamities and avert disasters through importunate tears of supplication,” writes father oforka. “such wall builders attend the divine council and, like spiritual attorneys, passionately argue their cases in order to achieve their purpose.”

an example of an intercessory warrior is moses in the old testament. “moses acted as a bridge between god and his people. that was an office that god called him to when he appeared to him in the form of a burning bush. he therefore respects both moses as his faithful servant and his office of mediation between him and his people,” father oforka writes.

how does intercession play a role in our lives today, as the spiritual battle rages on still? “we must go back to our roots and repossess the right of attending the divine council through the ministry of intercession,” father oforka explains. we intercede through prayer, petitioning for others before the throne of god.

2. the name of jesus 

“there is something in the name of jesus that is awesome and fascinating,” father oforka writes. “hence, the quiver of the intercessory cannot be complete without it.”

saints paul, peter, and john write extensively about the power of the name of christ. no one can make demons subject to him without the name of christ.

in the early church, justin martyr wrote, “for every demon, when exorcised in the name of this very son of god – who is the first-born of every creature, who became man by the virgin, who suffered, and was crucified under pontius pilate, who died, who rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven – is overcome and subdued. but though you exorcise any demon in the name of any of those who are among you – either kings, or righteous men, or prophets, or patriarchs – it will not be subject to you.”

3. the power of praise 

praise is a underrated arrow in the quiver of a christian. “it’s important that intercessors should learn the power of praise,” writes father oforka. “a group of prayer ministers may gather for hours praising god and soaking the air with divine waves. . the father cherishes it when his awesome deeds are recounted and his person is addressed accordingly.”

what does this have to do with spiritual warfare? “at those times when the thick clouds of evil begin to gather, when the smoke of satan begins to blur our view and choke our breath, intercessors might opt to descend into the bright cloud of praise, invoking these awesome names, instead of a mournful prayer-fight.”

heaven can’t resist soulful praise of the faithful – and satan can’t stand to hear god praised here on earth.

4. the fire of the holy spirit

the fire of the holy spirit has a two-fold purpose in the life of the spiritual warrior. “it could be used as both an offensive and a defensive weapon,” father oforka explains. “it is like the word of god, which is double-edged and therefore dual in purpose.”

we often see god through the medium of fire throughout the old testament. he appears to moses in a burning bush, and as a pillar of fire through the desert wanderings of the israelite nation. in his letter to the hebrews, saint paul writes that god is an “all consuming fire.”

5. the eucharist 

in the gospel of john, christ says: “very truly i tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the son of man and drink his blood, you have no life within you.” the institution of the eucharist is an event recorded meticulously by three of the synoptic gospels and saint paul.

when catholics worship in the mass and receive the body of christ through the eucharist they can “draw more strength than he can image,” explains father oforka. “an intercessory, who identifies with jesus in the eucharist, can handle difficult cases. he does not just end with the invocation of this treasure. he must, as often as possible, be part of the sacrifice of the mass through which this power flows.”

hope this and i hope i answered in time!

good luck!

~ destiny ^_^