Some of the first foreigners to arrive in china were who began to land there in the one of these, became an influential advisor to the first qing emperor. other travelled around china, a process that occasionally aggravated imperial rulers and provoked bans on activity

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.

imma say false because i dont know anything about this.