What compelled large numbers of african-americans to head north?

a   church leadership can be defined as a process of influencing other people to work together to accomplish a desired purpose.

in this case one person acting as a role model and influencing other to work as one person to accomplish a certain misson or purpose.

this can be either leading people to do the work of god

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.