Which of the follwoing accurately describes a difference between islamic caliphates during the islamic golden age and western european kingdoms following the fall of the roman empire?
d. science and technology flourished in islamic caliphates nut declined in western europe

Read the excerpt below and answer the question. and i live on, but in grief and self-contempt, left here without the light i loved so much, in a great tempest and with shrouds unkempt. no more love songs, then, i have done with such; my old skill now runs thin at each attempt, and tears are heard within the harp i touch. (lines 9-14) which of the lines, taken from the sestet shown above, is the volta?

When this was published in early 1776, many american colonists became convinced that they should act to form a new kind of nation independent from the rule of britain's "cruel" courts

How did the formation of the united states contribute to the enlightenment in europe?