The royal charters of incorporation granted during the middle ages allowed merchants to remain under the kings protection and remain under the kings protection and set policies favorable to trade. what was one consequence of these charters?

The royal charters of incorporation granted during the middle ages allowed merchants to remain under the kings protection and remain under the kings protection and set policies favorable to trade. One consequence of these charters is : A social change took place, a new middle class appeared that the nobles and clergy despised. This class  is consist of merchants, traders, and artisans which stood between the peasants and nobles.

The middle east is where the domestication of animals began