What did malcolm x believed was undermining the economic freedom of african americans

Lack of business ownership by African Americans

Malcolm X was a promoter of black nationalism -- not merely seeking integration within a white-dominated society, but taking pride in themselves as black persons and operating as a black society.  Malcolm X said:  "The economic philosophy of black nationalism puts the burden upon the black man of learning how to control his own economy" -- rather than always striving to find jobs and economic opportunities at the hands of white America.

Answer: tokugawa ieyasu (徳川家康, january 31, 1543 – june 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the tokugawa shogunate of japan, which effectively ruled japan from the battle of sekigahara in 1600 until the meiji restoration in 1868.