The following is an example of what kind of figurative language? "he had been driven hither by the impulse of that remorse which dogged him everywhere, and whose own sister and closely linked companion was that cowardice.

The correct answer should be C. Personification

That is because a personification is when you assign human like values to innate objects or abstract concepts. In this case, remorse is behaving like a person that dogs someone around and has a sister and what not and that is not possible because remorse is an abstract idea and not a living being that's capable of doing that.