Justin was asked to recite the gettysburg address. when he did, the first sentence came out like this: "uh, mm. four score and, um, seven years ago, er, our fathers brought forth, ummm, on this continent, a new nation." justin's speech was plagued with

The correct answer here is verbal fillers.

Verbal fillers are common and people have been using them for a long time. They are sounds or words that people use to pause but don't want to give the impression that they have finished speaking. We used them when we need to think, collect our thoughts or when we feel nervous.