Which european powers played roles in colonizing africa during the 1800s and 1900s?

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 set the ground rules for the colonization of Africa by European powers. The event helped to ease tensions that were growing as a result of the competition for resources in Africa. It had a dramatic and lasting negative impact on the nations of Africa. The Berlin Conference involved 13 European powers and the United States. Africa was split up which resulted in Britain and France gaining the majority of the land and the rest being controlled by the other nations involved. Africans were viewed and were represented as savages.

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the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.