How do values into all stages of the research process(meaning theory-building process and research I suppose)? Is the information gathered from criminological research a factor in public crime-control policies?
class CRJU2060: Criminology (Online) 21789

The building of theory occurs in two major stages – the descriptive stage and the

normative stage. Within each of these stages, theory builders proceed through three steps. The

the theory-building process iterates through these stages again and again.1

In the past,

management researchers have quite carelessly applied the term theory to research activities that

pertain to only one of these steps. Terms such “utility theory” in economics, and “contingency

theory” in organization design, for example, actually refer only to an individual stage in the

theory-building process in their respective fields. We propose that it is more useful to think of the

term “theory” as a body of understanding that researchers build cumulatively as they work

through each of the three steps in the descriptive and normative stages. In many ways, the term

“theory” might better be framed as a verb, as much as it is a noun – because the body of

understanding is continuously changing as scholars who follow this process work to improve it.

answer: in july 1862

explanation: during the american civil war, president abraham lincoln and congress passed the revenue act of 1862, creating the office of commissioner of internal revenue and enacting a temporary income tax to pay war expenses. the revenue act of 1862 was passed as an emergency and temporary war-time tax.