Trent Jones, a 42-year-old war veteran with no prior criminal arrests, is arrested in Texas for the premeditated murder of his neighbor, Jeffery Bella, following months of disagreement between the two men. On the night in question, Mr. Jones hid behind bushes in Mr. Bella’s driveway, waited for Mr. Bella to exit his home, and shot him five times in the chest in front of his wife and two children.

If, at the sentencing hearing, Mr. Bella’s wife is allowed to speak and direct her comments toward Mr. Jones, her husband’s killer, this is called a .

a. court-appointed victim advocacy
b. family-loss statement
c. exculpatory statement
d. victim impact statement
e. victim diversion program