The sum of two numbers is
44
and the difference is
16
. what are the numbers?
large number:
small number:

Let the numbers be  x and y

            x + y  = 44  (i)
          
           x -  y   = 16 (ii)

Add equations (i)  and (ii)

     x + y + x - y = 44 + 16

     2x               =  60

     2x   = 60

      x  = 60/2 = 30

Recall              x + y  =  44     
                         30 + y = 44
                                 y = 44 - 30
                                 y = 14

Large Number = 30
Small Number = 16             

Think of it as five or above give it a shove. change the 5 or above to the right to a zero and add one to the number on the left.