What is the answer to both the questions?

There are two ways to solve the problem:
set up an equation that relates the two scores

Fabien had 7 points less than two times as many points as Carlos.
Fabien had 31 points.

Let C=Carlos' score
This means that
31 = 2C-7
Solve for C
2C=31+7=38
C=19.
So Carlos had 19 points.

Another way is to calculate the reverse operations in reverse order, 
- -> +
x -> divide
Fabien had 7 points less (- -> +) than two times (x2 -> /2)as many points as Carlos.
So 
C=(31+7)/2
=19 as above.

Where the white dots are is where your points should be plotted.a translation is simply just moving something from one place to another. in this case, you would move each plot point of the original shape 2 units up, and 5 units to the left.