First, you would want to find the common denominator
3/8 (salads) = 3/8
1/4 (sandwiches) = 2/8
add them together to find out how much students and eating either salads or sandwiches
3/8 + 2/8 = 5/8
this means 5/8 of 24 students are eating either salads or sandwiches
24 students = 24/24 as a fraction
find the common denominator of 5/8 and 24/24
24/24 = 24/24
5/8 = 15/24
the final answer would be that 15 students out of 24 are eating a lunch other than a salad or sandwich