Find a simplified weighted voting system which is equivalent to
[8: 9, 3, 2, 1] and
[20: 8, 6, 3, 2, 1].

The explanation is as follows:

Step-by-step explanation:

(a) [8: 9, 3, 2, 1]

q = 8

Here, coalition is as follows:

[P1, P2, P3, P4] = [9, 3, 2, 1]

for the above coalition, the combined weight is

[P1, P2, P3, P4] = 9+3+2+1 = 15 ⇒ combined weight

For simplified weighted voting system;

q = combined weight ⇒ both the terms have to be equal for a simplified weighted voting system.

But, here 8 ≠ 15

∴ It is not a simplified weighted voting system.

(b) [20: 8, 6, 3, 2, 1]

q = 20

Here, coalition is as follows:

[P1, P2, P3, P4, P5] = [8, 6, 3, 2, 1]

for the above coalition, the combined weight is

[P1, P2, P3, P4, P5] = 8+6+3+2+1 = 20 ⇒ combined weight

For simplified weighted voting system;

q = combined weight

Since,  20 = 20

∴ It is a simplified weighted voting system.

  or  

sin y = 7/q

7 is the opposite side length, q is the hypotenuse

tan y = 7/r

7 is the opposite side length, r is the adjacent side length

using sohcahtoa ^^^^

cos y = adjacent/hypotenuse

cos y = r/q