The moon forms a right triangle with the earth and the sun during one of its phases, as shown below:

a right-angle triangle is shown with the earth at the right angle. the acute angle between the line joining the earth and the sun and the sun and the moon is x degrees. the distance between the earth and the moon is y.

a scientist measures the angle x and the distance y between the earth and the moon. using complete sentences, explain how the scientist can use only these two measurements to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun.