Like hurricanes and earthquakes, geomagnetic storms are natural hazards with possible severe impact on the earth. severe storms can cause communication and utility breakdowns, leading to possible blackouts. the national oceanic and atmospheric administration beams electron and proton flux data in various energy ranges to various stations on the earth to forecast possible disturbances. the following are 25 readings of proton flux in the 47-68 kev range (units are in p / (cm2-sec-ster-mev)) on the evening of ecember 28, 2011: 2310, 2320, 2010, 10800, 2190, 3360, 5640, 2540, 3360, 11800, 2010, 3430, 10600, 7370, 2160, 3200, 2020, 2850, 3500, 10200, 8550, 9500, 2260, 7730, 2250(a) find a point estimate of the mean proton flux in this time period.(b) find a point estimate of the standard deviation of the proton flux in this time period.(c) find an estimate of the standard error of the estimate in part (a).

a) Mean = 4958.4  p / (cm²-sec-ster-MeV)

b) Standard deviation = 3420.45  p / (cm²-sec-ster-MeV)

c) Standard error = 684.09  p / (cm²-sec-ster-MeV)

Step-by-step explanation:

Data:

2310, 2320, 2010, 10800, 2190, 3360, 5640, 2540, 3360, 11800, 2010, 3430, 10600, 7370, 2160, 3200, 2020, 2850, 3500, 10200, 8550, 9500, 2260, 7730, 2250

Sum = 123,960

Number of observations, n = 25

a) Mean =

or

Mean =

or

Mean = 4958.4  p / (cm²-sec-ster-MeV)

data          data-mean          (data - mean)²

----------------------------------------------------------------

2310               -2648.4               7014022.56

2320               -2638.4               6961154.56

2010               -2948.4               8693062.56

10800               5841.6               34124290.56

2190               -2768.4               7664038.56

3360               -1598.4               2554882.56

5640               681.6               464578.56

2540               -2418.4               5848658.56

3360               -1598.4               2554882.56

11800               6841.6               46807490.56

2010               -2948.4               8693062.56

3430               -1528.4               2336006.56

10600               5641.6               31827650.56

7370               2411.6               5815814.56

2160               -2798.4               7831042.56

3200               -1758.4               3091970.56

2020               -2938.4               8634194.56

2850               -2108.4               4445350.56

3500               -1458.4               2126930.56

10200               5241.6               27474370.56

8550               3591.6               12899590.56

9500               4541.6               20626130.56

2260               -2698.4               7281362.56

7730               2771.6               7681766.56

2250               -2708.4               7335430.56

====================================

            ∑(Data - Mean)² = 280,787,736

====================================

Standard deviation =

or

Standard deviation =

or

Standard deviation = 3420.45  p / (cm²-sec-ster-MeV)

c) Standard error =

or

Standard error =

or

Standard error = 684.09  p / (cm²-sec-ster-MeV)

8

step-by-step explanation: