Show how to compute the squared euclidean distance between φ(~xi) and φ(~xj ) for any two points ~xi and ~xj in the original space without ever explicitly computing the mapping φ for either point by using the kernel function k.

option a is correct.

step-by-step explanation:

scale factor: it is used to find proportional measurements.

proportions means having the same ratio.

scale factor is the ratio of the model measurement to the actual measurement in a simplest form.

or we can say that the ratio of any two corresponding lengths in two similar geometric figures

if the scale factor is more than 1, then it is an enlargement,

if the scale factor less than 1, then it is a reduction.

given the two geometric figure:

by definition of proportions, we have

m

step-by-step explanation:

14

step-by-step explanation:

14