Mutation suppose that one of three different alleles is present in each individual in a population. in each generation the following happens: 5% of individuals carrying allele x mutate to carry allele y, 3% mutate to allele z, and the rest remain unchanged; 0.1% of individuals carrying allele y mutate to carry allele z and the rest remain unchanged; 90% of individuals carrying allele z mutate to carry allele x and the rest remain unchanged.

Please refer to the attachment below.

Step-by-step explanation:

Let us first consider the individual carrying allele X , Y and Z as Xt, Yt and Zt

Also consider that in each generation 5% mutate from X to Y and 3% mutate from X to Z, hence % of X alleles remains the same and it will be

= 100 - (5% + 3%) = 92%

Also consider that 0.1% mutate from Y to Z  hence, the percentage of Y alleles remain same and will be 99.9%

we also need to consider that mutation from Z to X is 90% hence 10% of Z alleles remains indifferent

Now the difference equations describing the system will be

Xt+1 = 0.92Xt + 0.92Zt

Yt+1 = 0.05Xt + 0.999Yt

Zt+1 = 0.03Xt + 0.01Yt + 0.1Zt

or

Xt+1 = 0.92Xt + 0.000Yt + 0.9Zt

Yt+1 = 0.05Xt + 0.999Yt + 0.0Zt

Zt+1 = 0.03Xt + 0.01Yt + 0.1Zt

(The final matrix in given in the attachments)

according to this law, when unemployment goes up by 1%, gdp drops by 2%. in the question, unemployment rate goes from 2% to 5%, meaning unemployment goes up by 3%, so the gdp drops by 6%. thus the effect is a drop in gdp by 6%.

step-by-step explanation: