Which scenario best illustrates a violation of substantive due process?

a. a city council passes a law that imposes a fine for vandalizing
public property.

b. a new law fines book publishers for printing content that is
considered unpatriotic.

c. a police officer decides not to give a man a ticket even though he
is speeding.

d. a drug dealer with several prior convictions is sent to prison
without a trial.