What are the differences between calculating a percent, proportion, and rate?

Really need on these. i have no idea what to do

An airplane consumes fuel at a constant rate while flying through clear skies, and it consumes fuel at a rate of 64 gallons per minute while flying through rain clouds. let c represent the number of minutes the plane can fly through clear skies and r represent the number of minutes the plane can fly through rain clouds without consuming all of its fuel. 56c+64r < 900056c+64r< 9000 according to the inequality, at what rate does the airplane consume fuel while flying through clear skies, and how much fuel does it have before takeoff? the airplane consumes fuel at a rate of gallons per minute while flying through clear skies, and it has gallons of fuel before takeoff. does the airplane have enough fuel to fly for 60 minutes through clear skies and 90 minutes through rain clouds?

On the first of each month sasha runs a 5k race she keeps track of her times to track her progress her time in minutes is recorded in the table