An advantage of using statistical over nonstatistical sampling methods in tests of controls is that the statistical methods 1. affords greater assurance than a nonstatistical sample of equal size. 2. emphasizes qualitative evaluation of results as opposed to quantitative evaluations. 3. eliminate the need to apply professional judgment in determining appropriate sample sizes. 4. provides an objective basis for quantitatively evaluating sample risk.

The right answer is,  

4. Provides an objective basis for quantitatively evaluating sample risk.

Step-by-step explanation:

Because statistical sampling methods take into account that all subjects that are part of a population have the same probability of being chosen. This type of sampling is more efficient since it has a high representativeness and allows to calculate the error in the samples.

the answer is b.

step-by-step explanation:

identity property is where 0+whatever number=whatever number. basically 0+ a number.