Mrs. Frank gave her students the function f(x) = 11x^2 + 3, and asked her students to write the equation for a function that represents a vertical shift downward for f(x). Katie's function was

Step-by-step explanation:

The original function was f(x)=11x^2+3. Christina's subtracted 3, which gives the clue that her function will go downward. Katie's however, was tricky. Her function was adding, but it was adding a number which was less than three, giving you the answer. I hope this helps!