Let X = F(X) be a planar system with no equilibrium points. Suppose the flow φt generated by F preserves area (that is, if U is any open set, the area ofφt(U) is independent oft). Show that every solution curve is a closed set.

step-by-step explanation:

the original amount doesn't ''re just looking for the time it takes for 1/2 of the substance to we have

(1/2) =)     take the ln   of both sides

ln (1/2)   = )   and we can write

ln(1/2) = ) lne     and lne   = 1     so we have

ln(1/2) = -.1092t     divide both sides by -.1092

t = ln(1/2)/-.1092 = about 6.347 days = about 6.3 days (rounded)

an

y = 6x -3y -12

y +3y +12 = 6x

=> . x = { 2y / 3 +2 } this is equation of line in terms of x

=> . if line meets the x-axis the co-ordinates of meeting point would be ( x , 0 )

=> . x = 2 ( 0 ) / 3 + 2

=> . x = 2

so, the point is ( 2 , 0 )

constant of proportionality = 3 and the equation is c = 3p.

step-by-step explanation:

c = kp   where c = amount of caffeine in mg., p = oz of pepsi and k is the constant of proportionality.

substituting the values given:

24 = 8k

k = 3.

the same value of k will be obtained if we substitute the other given values.

2: 10

step-by-step explanation: