A four-character password to log onto a computer is drawn from the digits 0-9 and a subset of 23 letters of the alphabet (repetition is permitted). Determine the number of passwords possible if
a) the letters used are not case sensitive (that is, a lowercase letter is treated the same as an uppercase letter).
b) the letters used are case sensitive (that is, an uppercase letter is considered different than the same lowercase letter).

1- is the product of two rational numbers irrational or rational? first, make a hypothesis by multiplying two rational numbers. then, use variables such as x=a/b and y=c/d and the closure property of integers to prove your hypothesis. 2- what do you think the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is? is it rational or irrational? make use of variables, the closure property of integers, and possibly a proof by contradiction to prove your hypothesis. 3- why do we have to specify that the rational number must be nonzero when we determine what the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is? if the rational number were 0, would it give us the same result we found in part b?