Consider an experiment that was conducted at CARE. Depo-Provera is used to suppress the reproduction of females and they tested whether this drug may also lower male aggression (a real threat to male baboons, I saw two attacks while there) and increase positive social behaviors. As part of her Master's thesis, Hannah measured positive social behaviors by males before and after receiving the drug. The data to the right is hypothetical positive social action data, but similar to the data she got. You will do an unpaired t test and two paired t tests (one and two tailed) on this data.

Individual: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Before: 43 29 38 37 44 40 32 36 39 34 40 43

After: 41 38 43 43 46 44 35 44 36 38 42 42

(a, 2 pts ea) Conduct a two-tailed unpaired heteroscedastic t test on this data and fill in the blanks to the right. df = tcalc = (round df to the correct whole number).

(b, 3 pts) State the biological conclusion of your t test in the box below. Use the grammar described in lecture and state with what degree of confidence you make your conclusion by providing the most specific range of p values from the table provided in lecture. You must use the phrase "significantly lower", "significantly higher" or "not significantly different" in your answer. Note: no credit will be given for ANY text outside the box or hard to read answers.

(c, 2 pts ea) Conduct a two-tailed paired t test on this data and fill in the blanks to the right. (round df to the correct whole number) df = tcalc =

(d, 3 pts) State the biological conclusion of your t test in the box below. Follow the instructions as in question (b). Note: no credit will be given for ANY text outside the box or hard to read answers.

(e, 3 pts) If we had an a priori expectation of less aggression (i. e., an increase in positive social behaviors) and conducted a one-tailed paired t test on this data testing for whether the mean number of positive social behaviors are HIGHER after treatment, what would our statement be? Follow the answer format instructions as in question (b). Note: no credit will be given for ANY text outside the box or hard to read answers.